Our newest federal holiday confuses white Americans

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Today is Juneteenth, the nation's newest federal holiday. It marks the day in 1865 in Galveston, Texas, when Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger issued an order that declared, "The people of Texas are informed that, in accordance with a proclamation from the Executive of the United States, all slaves are free." Granger's order freed approximately 250,000 enslaved people in Texas.

President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, freeing all enslaved people in the states that had seceded from the U.S., was of course issued nearly 2 ½ years before. But Texas had ignored it; hence the need to send troops to enforce the proclamation.

While this history is now known by more people than before the federal holiday was established in 2021, scholar Timothy Welbeck, who is director of the Center for Anti-Racism at Temple University, writes that "Americans have wrestled with what to make of the holiday."

"What is the proper way to celebrate it?" he asks. "Should holiday observers attend barbecues and cookouts? Should Juneteenth's observance be a day of learning? Is there a way to acknowledge the holiday without misappropriating it?"

Those questions are especially acute now, Welbeck writes, as hard-won civil rights gains are being rolled back by the Trump administration.

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Naomi Schalit

Senior Editor, Politics + Democracy

Martha Yates Jones and Pinkie Yates sit in a decorated buggy for Juneteenth 1908 in front of Houston's Antioch Baptist Church. African American Library at The Gregory School, Houston Public Library

What's the right way to mark Juneteenth? The newest US holiday is confusing Americans

Timothy Welbeck, Temple University

As one critic asked, has Juneteenth devolved 'into an exploitative and profit-driven enterprise for companies that disregard the true significance of this day to the Black community?'

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