What pluralism really means

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The Conversation

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Eranda Jayawickreme, a psychologist at Wake Forest University, grew up in Kandy, Sri Lanka – a city dotted by Buddhist temples, Christian churches, Hindu temples and Muslim mosques. Yet the country was also fractured by distrust over ethnic and religious lines, with a civil war that consumed Sri Lanka for more than 20 years.

"As a child," Jayawickreme writes, "I did not possess the vocabulary to describe my own personal experience during this tumultuous time. All I knew was that some people withdrew into their own groups and vilified Sri Lankans who were different from them. Others worked hard to maintain relationships."

Today, those experiences shape his research: What allows some people to embrace pluralism? What does pluralism really mean in the first place? And what virtues can help us cultivate it? Those interests might have been sparked decades ago in Sri Lanka, but they're also urgent in the United States today.

Pluralism lives in "repeated, small acts," he writes – decisions that "shape who we are."

Jayawickreme's article is longer than our normal articles – one of our experiments with longer-form stories that blend personal narrative and academic research, as part of a series supported by the John Templeton Foundation.

One last thing: If you value The Conversation's coverage of science and psychology, you might enjoy an article from our friends at Nautilus magazine exploring how the emotion of awe has drawn many scientists to their work. Read "More than a feeling."

Molly Jackson

Religion and Ethics Editor

 
Traditional dancers perform in front of the Buddhist Temple of the Tooth, celebrating the Buddhist festival of Esala Perahera, in Kandy, Sri Lanka, on Aug. 8, 2025. Ishara S. Kodikara/AFP via Getty Images

Growing up during Sri Lanka's civil war taught me that getting along with people across divides is a virtue we can learn

Eranda Jayawickreme, Wake Forest University

A scholar who studies the virtues that help people sustain relationships across faiths and cultures describes what being a child during the war taught him about practicing pluralism in action.

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